Interactive Ready for Review: Interactivities

Interactive Ready for Review for Chapter 14 - Burns and Soft-Tissue Injuries

The skin has two principal layers: the tough outer layer, called the , and the inner layer, called the , which contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

The functions of the skin are to keep bacteria out and water in, to report to the brain on the environment, and to regulate body temperature.

There are three types of soft-tissue injuries: closed injuries, open injuries, and burns.

injuries include contusions, hematomas, and crushing injuries. They can be treated by applying ICES (ice, compression, elevation of the injured part, and splinting).

injuries produce more extensive bleeding and may become infected. There are four types of %%4%% injuries: abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, and penetrating wounds.

In treating these injuries, you must first control bleeding. Use a dry, sterile dressing, covered by a roller bandage, a second pressure dressing (if necessary), and a splint. Do not try to clean out an open wound.

are one of the most serious and painful of soft-tissue injuries. They can occur from heat (thermal), chemicals, electricity, and radiation.

Burns are classified primarily by the of the burn and the body area involved; they are superficial, partial-thickness, or full-thickness.

Treatment for burns includes personal safety, BSI precautions, stopping the burning process, caring for the burn wounds, and treating the patient for shock (oxygen, IV therapy, and prevention of further heat loss). Always follow local protocols for invasive and pharmacologic interventions.

and bandages are designed to control bleeding, protect the wound from further damage, and prevent further contamination and infection.

Use universal dressings for large open wounds, gauze pads for smaller wounds, adhesive-type dressings for minor wounds, and occlusive dressings for sucking chest wounds and abdominal eviscerations. Use soft roller bandages, rolls of gauze, triangular bandages, or adhesive tape to keep dressings in place. Do not use elastic bandages. Always check a limb distal to a bandage for signs of impaired circulation.